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Sensors & Transducers



Vol. 264, Issue 1, February 2024, pp. 11-18
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Security of Field Devices in Future Water Management



1, * Pekka KOSKELA and 2 Markku KYLÄNPÄÄ



1 VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., Kaitoväylä 1, Oulu, 90570, Finland 2 VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., Kemistintie 3, Espoo,
00240, Finland

1 Tel.: +358 20 722 111, fax: +358 20 722 7001

* E-mail: Pekka.Koskela@vtt.fi



Received: 13 December 2023 /Accepted: 5 January 2024 /Published: 28 February 2024





Abstract: Water management as a part of critical infrastructure is undergoing transformation alongside the advancement of digitalization. Future water management systems will incorporate both edge and cloud services. Increased connectivity of systems and the use of remote management together with growing heterogeneity and complexity of systems will bring new demands and challenges for security systems. In order to address these future security challenges, we study the zero trust approach and its possible realization with a physical unclonable function facility. Especially in our focus are resource-constrained devices like sensors in the field and their safety.


Keywords: Sensors, Energy efficiency, Zero trust, Physical unclonable function, Hashgraph, Water management.

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