Contents
Contributors
Preface

1. Laser Bending

1.1. Introduction
1.2. Laser Bending
1.2.1. Laser Bending Mechanisms
1.2.2. Numerical Simulation
1.2.3. Main Effect Factors
1.2.4. Optimization Laser Manufacture Parameters
1.3. Laser Preloaded Bending
1.3.1. Principle of Laser Preloaded Bending
1.3.2. Characteristics of Laser Preloaded Bending
1.3.3. Application of Laser Preloaded Bending
1.4. Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References

2. Coherent Beam Combining as an Approach to Extend Achievable Limits of Laser Systems

2.1. Introduction
2.2. Coherent Combining Approaches and Geometries
2.3. Efficiency of the Coherent Beam Combining
2.4. The Importance of the Filling Factor for the Far-Field Combining
2.5. Stabilization Approaches
2.6. State of the Art Achievements in the Coherent Beam Combining and Ongoing Projects
2.7. Conclusions
References

3. Ultrafast X-Ray Pump-Probe Investigation of Molecular Dynamics with Free Electron Laser Pulses

3.1. Overview
3.2. Design of the Soft X-Ray LCLS Split and Delay Apparatus
3.2.1. Working Principle of the XRSD Instrument
3.2.2. Technical Realization of the XRSD Instrumental Motion
3.2.3. Setting the Time Delays of the XRSD Instrument
3.3. Investigating Charge and Dissociation Dynamics in Methyl Iodide Using the XRSD Device
3.3.1. Background
3.3.2. Experiment and Analysis Method
3.3.3. Experimental Results
3.3.3.1. Evolution of the Charge State Distribution
3.3.3.2. Evolution of the Ion Kinetic Energy Distribution
3.3.3.3. Discussion
3.4. Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References

4. Single-Shot Auto and Cross Correlation Schemes for Ultrashort Laser Pulse Measurement Using Random Nonlinear Crystals

4.1. Introduction
4.2. Second Harmonic Generation in Random Nonlinear Crystals
4.3. Auto-Correlation Scheme: Measurement of Ultrashort Pulse Temporal Duration and Chirp Parameter
4.3.1. Experimental Set-Up
4.3.2. Theoretical Model
4.3.3. Measurements of the Pulse Durations of the Order of 200 fs
4.3.4. Measurements of Pulse Durations and Chirp Parameter for Pulses Down to 30 fs
4.4. Transverse Single Shot Cross-Correlation Scheme: Laser Pulse Temporal Shape Measurement
4.5. Limitations of the Technique
4.6. Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References

5. Modeling the Interaction of Laser Beams with Plasma by using the FDTD Method

5.1. Introduction
5.2. Physical Models of Plasma
5.2.1. Linear Drude Model
5.2.2. Nonlinear Drude Model
5.3. FDTD Implementations of Models
5.3.1. Implementation of Linear Drude Model
5.3.2. Implementation of Nonlinear Drude Model
5.4. Numerical Laser Beam Generation
5.5. Numerical Examples and Results
5.5.1. Low-power Gaussian Laser Beam
5.5.2. High-power Gaussian Laser Beam
5.5.3. High-power Vortex Laguerre-Gaussian Laser Beam
5.6. Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References

6. Laser Separation and Recovery of Rare Earth Elements from Coal Ashes

6.1. Introduction
6.2. Laser Radiation Forces
6.3. Laser-Induced Motion of Particles
6.4. Laser Separation and Recovery of Rare Earth Elements from Coal Ashes
6.5. Experimental Observations
6.6. Conclusions
Acknowledgement
References

7. Relativistic Photoionization Driven by Short Laser Pulses

7.1. Introduction
7.2. Relativistic Strong-Field Approximation
7.2.1. Probability Amplitude of Ionization in the RSFA
7.2.2. Probability Amplitude of Ionization in the Saddle-Point Approximation
7.2.3. Laser Pulse and Its Characteristics
7.2.4. Approximate Solution to the Saddle-Point Equation
7.3. Spiral of Ionization in Momentum Space
7.3.1. Probability of Ionization along the Three-Dimensional Momentum Spiral
7.4. Energy Spectra of Photoelectrons
7.5. Energy-Angular Probability Distributions
7.6. Application: Generation of Single-Electron Wave Packets
7.7. Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References

8. Direct Femtosecond Laser Writing of Nonlinear Photonic Crystals

8.1. Quasi-Phase Matching and Nonlinear Photonic Crystals
8.2. Traditional Fabrication Methods of Nonlinear Photonic Crystals
8.2.1. Electric Field Poling
8.2.2. UV Light Poling
8.2.3. Other Poling Techniques
8.3. Direct Femtosecond Infrared Laser Writing of Ferroelectric Domain Patterns
8.4. Application of Femtosecond-Laser-Written Domain Patterns in Nonlinear Optics
8.5. Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References

9. Linearization of a LTE Radio-over-Fiber Fronthaul System based on Optimized Genetic Algorithm CPWL Models

9.1. Introduction
9.2. Proposed Models
9.2.1. Volterra Model
9.2.2. CPWL Model
9.2.3. Threshold Optimization with Genetic Algorithms
9.2.4. Computational Cost Overview
9.2.4.1. Volterra Model
9.2.4.2. CPWL Model
9.2.4.3. GA-CPWL Model
9.3. Experimental Results without Optimization
9.3.1. Experimental Setup
9.3.2. RoF Modeling Results
9.3.3. DPD Identification Results
9.4. Experimental Results with Threshold Optimization
9.4.1. Experimental Setup
9.4.2. DPD Identification Results
9.5. Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References

10. Embedding the Photon with Its Relativistic Mass as a Particle into the Electromagnetic Wave

10.1. Introduction
10.2. Derivation of a Transverse Force Exerted on a Photon Propagating with an Electromagnetic Wave
10.3. Derivation of a Potential and a Schrödinger Equation Describing the Transverse Motion of the Photon
10.4. Verification of the Eqs. (10.9), (10.10) and (10.11) for the Case of the Plane, the Spherical, and the Gaussian Wave
10.5. Quantum Mechanical Computation of the Gouy Phase Shift for the Case of a Gaussian Wave
10.6. Ray Optics Confirmation of the Frequency ω┴ Describing the Transverse Motion of a Photon Moving with a Gaussian Beam
10.7. Snell's Law Derived from a Particle Picture
10.8. The Schrödinger Equation Describing the Transverse Quantum Mechanical Motion of a Photon in a Medium
10.9. Summary and Conclusions
References

11. Proposal of a Bidirectional Microwave Photonic Filter Architecture for Simultaneous Transmission of Digital TV Signal

11.1. Introduction
11.2. Operation Principle
11.3. Experimental Setup and Results
11.3.1. Bidirectional Frequency Response
11.3.2. Bidirectional Digital TV Signal Transmission
11.4. Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References

12. Integration of Vertical 1D Photonic Crystals and Photovoltaics

12.1. Background/Overview
12.1.1. Photovoltaics
12.1.1.1. Need for Renewable Energy
12.1.1.2. Current State of Solar Photovoltaics
12.1.1.3. Optical Absorption Constraints in Thin Film Technologies
12.1.1.4. Enhancing Light Absorption in Thin Films
12.1.1.5. Improving the Optical Performance of PV Cells with Photonic Crystals
12.1.2. Photonic Crystals
12.1.2.1. Historical Background
12.1.2.2. Properties of Photonic Crystals
12.2. Designing 1D Photonic Crystal Reflectors for Thin-Film PV Cells
12.2.1. Fabricating Bragg Reflectors with TCOs and NPs
12.2.1.1. Material Selection
12.2.1.2. Transparent Conductive Oxides
12.2.1.3. TCO/Nanoparticle Bi-Layers
12.2.2. The Bragg Stack as Selectively Transparent and Conductive Photonic Crystals
12.2.2.1. The Optical Properties of STCPCs
12.2.2.2. Electronic Behavior of STCPCs
12.2.3. Introducing Gratings to 1D Bragg Stacks for 1.5D Architecture
12.3. Integrating 1D Photonic Crystal Reflectors within Thin-Film PV Cells
12.3.1. Application in Silicon Photovoltaics
12.3.1.1. Background on Micromorph Tandem Cell
12.3.1.2. Selectively Transparent PCs in Micromorph Cells
12.3.1.3. Background on Ultra-Thin Silicon Films
12.3.1.4. Broadband 1D PCs on Single Layer Ultra-Thin Silicon
12.4. Photonic Crystals for Building Integrated PV Applications
12.4.1. The Need for Energy Self-Sufficiency in Buildings
12.4.2. The Use of 1D PCs in PV Cells Suitable for BIPV Applications
12.5. Conclusion and Future Potentialities
Acknowledgements
References

13. Crystal and Quasicrystal Lattice Solitons in NLSM Equation

13.1. Introduction
13.1.1. Definitions
13.1.2. Solitons in Lattices
13.1.3. NLS and NLSM Models with External Potentials
13.2. Numerical Methods
13.2.1. Spectral Renormalization Method
13.2.2. Stability Analysis
13.3. Crystal Lattice Solitons and Stability Analysis
13.3.1. Numerical Existence of Fundamental Solitons
13.3.2. Stability Analysis of Fundamental Solitons
13.3.3. Numerical Existence of Dipole Solitons
13.3.4. Stability Analysis of Dipole Solitons
13.4. Quasicrystal Lattice Solitons and Stability Analysis
13.4.1. Numerical Existence of Fundamental Solitons
13.4.2. Stability Analysis of Fundamental Solitons
13.4.3. Numerical Existence of Dipole Solitons
13.4.4. Stability Analysis of Dipole Solitons
13.5. Conclusion
References

14. Effect of Oxygen Substitution on the Optoelectronic Properties of the Ternary ZnSe1-xOx Alloy

14.1. Introduction
14.2. Computational Details
14.3. Results and Discussions
14.3.1. Electronic Properties
14.3.2. Optical Properties
14.3.2.1. The Dielectric Function
14.3.2.2. Refraction Index
14.3.2.3. Absorption Coefficient
14.4. Conclusion
References

15. Characteristic Features of CuInS₂ Thin Film Deposited by Various Methods/Post Deposition Treatments: A Review

15.1. Introduction
15.2. Characteristics of CuInS₂ Deposited by Various Methods and Subjected to Post Deposition Treatments
15.3. Conclusion
Acknowledgement
References

Index