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Book Description
This book presents and considers main trends in the branch of metrology
of cyber-physical systems, which are becoming a key element of everyday
life. First of all it is destined for engineers, lecturers, students,
persons who are not acquainted enough with specificity of cyber-physical
systems and their metrology but are interested in it. The authors tried
to highlight emergence and development of these systems, combined with
the study of their metrology provision and support.
Contents:
About the Authors
Acknowledgement
List of Abbreviations
Introduction
1. Cyber-Physical Systems. Structure, Operation and Problems
1.1. Metrology as a Basis for Designing CPS Models
1.1.1. Typical Examples of CPSs and Experience of Metrological
Maintenance
1.1.2. Research on the Nearest Future Generation Communication
Technologies
1.2. Metrology to Support the Advanced Communication Technology
1.3. Measurement Technology for both Development and Production
1.3.1. Flexible Metrological Subsystems with Special Simulating
Procedures
1.3.2. Metrological Subsystems with Special Standardization Facilities
1.3.3. Dispersed Measuring Subsystems
1.4. Spatial Problems, Volatility and Ageing Problems
1.5. Conclusions
References
2. Smart Measuring Instruments
2.1. Smart Sensors & Transducers and their Grids
2.1.1. Distributed Sensor Network
2.1.2. Smart Grid Sensor
2.1.3. Middleware and Wireless Sensor Networks
2.2. Metrological Problems of Smart Measuring Instruments
2.2.1. Specificy of Measuring Instruments Due to Their Smartness
2.2.2. Verification of Metrological Software and Middleware
2.2.3. Fractional Processes in Measuring Techniques
2.3. Metrology and Modelling for Additive Manufacturing
2.3.1. Metrological Problems of Additive Manufacturing
2.3.2. Computation Method of Segmental Approximation for Random Topology
Single-Surface Reconstruction of Interferometric Patterns
2.3.3. Model-based Diagnostic for Heavy Operating Conditions
2.4. Smart Sensors Grids Implementation
2.4.1. Smart Energetics and Information Support
2.4.2. Smart Energy-Efficient Buildings
2.4.3. Metrological Study of Heat Energy Balance
2.5. Conclusions
References
3. Embedded Measures as the Measuring Instruments
3.1. Checked Instrument Based on the Inverse
of Conductance Quantum
3.2. Study of Quantum Unit of Temperature and Temperature Measuring
Standard
3.2.1. Primary Thermometry and Quantum Units of Temperature
3.2.2. Promising Methods of Thermometry
3.2.3. Investigation in Creating the Quantum Unit of Temperature
3.3. Mass Measures with Coded Remote Access
3.4. Conclusions
References
4. Code-Controllable Measures for
Correction of Measuring Channels
4.1. Quality Assurance in Measuring Instrument Design
4.2. Additive Error Correction for Measuring Instrument
4.3. Remote Error Correction of Measuring Channel
4.4. Conclusions
References
5. Techniques for
Accuracy/Trueness Improvement
5.1. Major Metrological Characteristics of CPSs Units within Different
Approaches
5.2. Reliability and Accuracy/Trueness of Measurements
5.2.1. Methods to Improve the Accuracy, Errors and Examples of Reduction
5.2.2. Duration of Noise Signal Gauging
5.3. Metrological Problems of Raman Thermometry
5.4. Temperature Dependent Precision Threshold
5.5. Dynamic Error and Instrumental Error
5.6. Methods of Correction and Statistical Minimization of Errors
5.7. Measurement Inexactness in (Nano)thermometry
5.8. Coriolis Mass Flowmeter and its Uncertainty Management
5.8.1. Accuracy Problems on Example of CMF with Straight Tube
5.8.2. CMF Performance Improvement Under the S-type Thermocouples Usage
5.9. Conclusions
References
6. Frequency, Noise and Spectrum
Metrology
6.1. Frequency-Phase Techniques in Thermometry
6.2. Noise Metrology
6.2.1. Fluctuations and Thermodynamics, Proper Noise and Thermometry
6.2.2. Problems and Methodology of Noise Measurements
6.3. Non-Invasive Diagnostics
6.3.1. 1/f Noise Studying for Diagnostics
6.3.2. Passive Method of Electronic Elements Quality Characterization
6.4. Raman Method in Metrology and Thermometry
6.4.1. Metrology of Raman Thermometer with Universal Calibration
6.4.2. Elaboration of Raman Method
6.5. Conclusions
References
7. Qualimetric Estimation of CPSs and Their Products
7.1. Qualimetry of Natural Gas as Energy Source
7.2. Foundations of Objective Qualimetry
7.3. Objective Qualimetry on the Basis of Thermodynamics
7.4. Conclusions
References
Index
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Cyber-Physical Systems:
Metrological Issues
