Nikolay V. Kirianaki, Sergey Y. Yurish, Nestor O. Shpak, Vadim P. Deynega,

Data Acquisition and Signal Processing for Smart Sensors

Table of Contents

Preface and Introduction

List of Abbreviation and Symbols

Chapter 1. Smart Sensors for Electrical and Non-Electrical, Physical and Chemical Variables: Tendencies and Perspectives.

            1.1 Temperature IC and Smart Sensors

            1.2 Pressure IC and Smart Sensors and Accelerometers

            1.3 Rotation Speed Sensors

            1.4 Intelligent Opto Sensors

            1.5 Humidity Frequency Output Sensors

            1.6 Chemical and Gas Smart Sensors

            Summary

Chapter 2. Converters for Different Variables to Frequency-Time Parameters of Electric Signal.

            2.1 Voltage-to-Frequency Converters

            2.2 Capacitance-to-Period (or Duty-Cycle) Converters

            Summary

Chapter 3. Data Acquisition Methods for Multichannel Sensor Systems.

            3.1 Data Acquisition Method with Time-Dividing Channeling

            3.2 Data Acquisition Method with Space-Division Channeling

            3.3 Smart Sensor Architectures and Data Acquisition

            3.4 Main Errors of Multichannel Data Acquisition Systems

            3.5 Data Transmitting and Error Protection

            Summary

Chapter 4. Methods of Frequency-to-Code Conversion for Smart Sensors

            4.1 Standard Direct Counting Method (Frequency Measurement)

            4.2 Indirect Counting Method (Period Measurement)

            4.3 Combined Counting Method

            4.4 Method for Frequency-to-Code Conversion Based on Discrete Fourier Transform

            4.5 Methods for Phase Shift-to-Code Conversion

            Summary

Chapter 5. Advanced and Self-Adapting Methods of Frequency-to-Code Conversion

            5.1  Ratiometric Counting Methods

            5.2  Reciprocal Counting Method

            5.3  M/T Counting Method

            5.4  Constant Elapsed Time (CET) Method

            5.5  Single and Double Buffered Methods

            5.6  DMA Transfer Method

            5.7  Method of the Dependent Count

            5.8  Method with Non-Redundant Reference Frequency

            5.9  Comparison of Methods

            5.10 Advanced Method for Phase Shift-to-Code Conversion

            Summary

Chapter 6. Signal Processing in Quasi-Digital Smart Sensors

            6.1 Main Operations at Signal Processing

            6.2 Weight Functions, Reducing Quantization Error

            Summary

Chapter 7. Digital Output Smart Sensors with Software-Controlled Performances and Functional Capabilities

            7.1 Program-Oriented Conversion Methods (PCM) Based on Ratiometric Counting Technique

            7.2 Design Methodology for Program-oriented Conversion Methods

            7.3 Adaptive PCM with Increased Speed

            7.4 Error Analysis for PCM

            7.5 Correction of PCM's Systematic Errors

            7.6 Modified Method of Algorithms Merging for PCM

            Summary

Chapter 8. Multichannel Intelligent and Virtual Sensor Systems

            8.1 One-Channel Sensor Interfacing

            8.2 Multichannel Sensor Interfacing

            8.3 Multichannel Adaptive Sensor System with Space-Division Channeling

            8.4 Multichannel Sensor Systems with Time-Division Channeling

            8.5 Multiparameters Sensors

            8.6 Virtual Instrumentation for Smart Sensors

            8.7 Estimation of Uncertainty for Virtual Instruments

            Summary

Chapter 9. Software Level Smart Sensors Design

            9.1 Microcontroller Core for Smart Sensors

            9.2 Low Power Design Technique for Embedded Microcontrollers

            Summary

Chapter 10. Smart Sensors Buses and Interface Circuits

            10. 1 Sensors Buses and Network Protocols

            10.2 Sensor Interface Circuits

            Summary

Future Directions

References

Appendix. What's on the Sensors Web Portal ?

Glossary

Index

Features

• Introduction to the authors' novel Method of the Dependent Count for frequency (period) conversion and measurement and its applications.

• Consideration of modern sensor interface circuits, buses, along with an introduction to the Universal Transducer Interface (UTI) and Time to Digital Converter (TDC).

• Methods of frequency-to-code conversion for smart sensors, including direct, indirect, combined, interpolation and Fourier transform based techniques as well as advanced and self-adapting conversion methods.

• Comparative analysis of smart sensor systems with time- and space-division frequency channeling functions.

• Detailed glossary of related terms accompanied by a guide to related web resources.

Reviews

'The book proposal is very well motivated. Most books about instrumentation electronics focus on the classical approach to data acquisition, meaning that the information is in the amplitude of a voltage or current. Only some book chapters consider data acquisition from digital and quasi-digital sensors. Smart sensors and microsensors will increasingly rely on resonant phenomena and variable oscillators, whose information is embedded not in the amplitude but in the frequency or a time parameter of the output signal...'the book looks quite interesting and can appeal many graduate students and professionals.'

'After reading the proposal I am highly interested in the ideas of the authors and would like to see the proposed book.  Dr Yurish and his colleagues are very active with their IFSA website and they convinced many people of the importance of  smart sensors with a frequency or time-based output. Personally, I appreciate this approach, which fits well with our own R&D on sensor interfaces and smart sensor systems... Looking through the proposed chapters I see a systematic approach with an emphasis on the new sensors and interfaces which recently came in the market. Related to their internet activities, the authors have a good overview of what is going on in the sensor world. The proposed book will be very helpful for the users of new sensor products and will also be useful for graduate students, doing R&D projects, using sensor systems. The book will be helpful to optimize the systems for best performance... I am looking forward the results of the proposed work, which is highly interesting.'

'The general area has not been adequately covered, the authors are experts in the field, and I would definitely purchase the book as soon as it's published.'

'Experts in the design of sensor instrumentation treat smart sensors and sensor systems, presenting an alternative to the classical approach to data acquisition and covering signal processing methods for digital and quasi-digital sensors. Coverage ranges from a detailed analysis of available conversion methods to software level smart sensor design and smart sensor buses and interface circuits. Material is of interest to instrumentation and measurement professionals, advanced students and researchers in microelectronics, and engineers and developers of microsensor systems. N. Kirianaki and S. Yurish are affiliated with the International Frequency Sensor Association (IFSA)'.Book News, Inc.®, Portland.

'The book has significant detail so that you can apply the principles and techniques shown with relative ease. Since the text goes from the basics to advanced techniques, it would benefit many practitioners, whether they are just getting into the field or are experienced developers who need detailed information for optimization of their approaches... In conclusion, this book provides a good basis for anyone entering or studying the field of smart sensors. It not only provides a good basis for the inexperienced practitioner but also could be very useful to those with some experience'.

Review in IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Magazine, December 2002. (Reviewed by Bob Goldberg).

This text is a leading edge resource for measurement engineers, researchers and developers working in microsensors, MEMS and microsystems, as well as advanced undergraduates and graduates in electrical and mechanical engineering.

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