Frontiers of Nanosensor Technology

Vinod Kumar KHANNA

MEMS & Microsensors, Solid-State Devices Division, Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute (CEERI)

Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)

Pilani-333031 (Rajasthan), India

Tel.: +91-1596-245289, fax: +91-1596-242294

E-mail: vkk_ceeri@yahoo.com

Received: 8 January 2009 /Accepted: 20 April 2009 /Published: 27 April 2009

Abstract: This paper comprehensively surveys the past, present and future of nanosensors, provides a snapshot of the fast expanding and burgeoning research activities in this field, and studies the overall impact of nanotechnology era on sensors. Backed up by the rapid strides of nanotechnology, nanosensor research is making a two-directional progress, firstly in evolving new sensors employing mesoscopic phenomena, and secondly in the performance enhancement of existing sensors. These nanosensors have been broadly classified into physical and chemical categories, with the biosensors placed on borderlines of biological signals with the remaining classes. Although probes for scanning and atomic force microscopies still lead the commercially available nanosensors, some new nanosensors, resulting from multidisciplinary research, are beginning to make their way to the market place. Focusing on the salient developments in nanosensors from the viewpoints of novel materials, device structures and functionalities introduced, the paper highlights the significant milestones crossed and elucidates emerging future prospects in this area.

Keywords: Nanoparticle, Nanorod, NanoFET, Carbon nanotube, Nanoporous silicon, Cantilever

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