OSA Journal Discusses Chemical Sensor Developed by U.S. Army - To warn of chemical attacks and help save lives, it is vital to quickly determine if even trace levels of potentially deadly chemicals-such as the nerve gas sarin and other odorless, colorless agents-are present. U.S. Army researchers have developed new chemical sensor that uses photoacoustic technique to simultaneously identify potentially limitless numbers of agents, in real-time. Paper describing system has been published in Optical Society's journal, Optics Letters ...

Articles, Papers and References

Sponsored Links:

1.

D. Rebiere, C. Cazaubon, Herve Levi, C. Bordieu, J. Pistre, R. Planade, Real Time Monitoring Multisensor System Using Shifting Temporal Window Technique, In Proceedings of the 12th European Conference on Solid-State Transducers and the 9th UK Conference on Sensors and their Applications, Southampton, UK, 13-16 September 1998, EUROSENSORS XII, Ed. by N. M. White, Institute of Physics Publishing Bristol and Philadelphia, Sensors Series, volume 2, pp. 875-878.

2.

V. Liberali, F. Maloberti, and D. Tonietto, "Sigma-delta processing in multisensor systems for carbon monoxide detection", Proceedings of IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and System (ISCAS `96) , vol. IV, Atlanta, USA, pp. 376-379, 1996.

Abstract - This paper presents a circuit to measure carbon monoxide concentration. Signals from three sensors are combined using sigma-delta processing to compensate for relative humidity and interfering gases. Appropriate circuit techniques are used to reduce offset and flicker noise in MOS amplifiers.

3.

G. C. Cardinali, L. Dori, M. Fiorini, I. Sayago, G. Faglia, C. Perego, G. Sberveglieri, V. Liberali, F. Maloberti, and D. Tonietto, "A smart sensor system for carbon monoxide detection", Journal of Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing , vol. 14, pp. 275-296, 1997.

Abstract - This paper illustrates a smart sensor system for carbon monoxide detection. An innovative technological approach has been pursued to fabricate gas sensors on silicon substrate, compatible with IC fabrication. A mixed analog-digital electronic interface processes the outputs of three sensors to compensate relative humidity and interfering gases. Sigma-delta signal processing and low-frequency noise reduction techniques are used to minimize silicon area and to meet the required performance in a standard CMOS technology.

4.

C.Hagleitner, A.Koll, R.Vogt, O.Brand and H.Baltes, CMOS Capacitive Chemical Microsystem with Active Temperature Control for Discrimination of Organic Vapors, In Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors and Actuators (Transducers '99), Sendai, Japan, 7-10 June, 1999, vol.2, pp.1012-1015.

5.

J.V. Hatfield, A.R.Daniels, D.Snowden, K.C. Persaud and P.A. Payne, Development of a Portable Dry Rot Detector- the H2EN,  In Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors and Actuators (Transducers '99), Sendai, Japan, 7-10 June, 1999, vol.2, pp.1646-1649.

6.

Ralf Lucklum, R.Borngraeber and P.Hauptmann, Acoustically Amplified Chemical QCM-Sensor with Frequency and Attenuation Output,  In Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors and Actuators (Transducers '99), Sendai, Japan, 7-10 June, 1999, vol.2, pp.1250-1253.

7.

Takahiro Saiki, Go Sakai, Taizo Uda, Norio Miura and Noboru Yamazoe, Improvements of Sensing Properties of Piezoelectric Improvements for HSA. In Proceedings of the 18th Chemical Sensor Symposium, April 3-5, 1994, Tohoku University, Japan, Vol.10, Supplement A.
Abstract - Improvements of sensing properties of a piezoelectric immunosensor for human serum albumin (HSA) were examined. The frequency change (F : sensitivity) was observed when the HSA solution was allowed to flow onto the quartz crystal sensor immobilized with anti-HSA monoclonal antibody. The F was found to be further increased up to about 3 times after the subsequent flow of the polyclonal antibody solution, owing to the formation of a complex of HSA sandwiched with the two types of antibody. The finally obtained F varied almost linearly with the HSA concentration in the range of 0-20 ppm, with the sensitivity of ca. 20 ppm/Hz. Moreover, it was found that the resonant frequency returned back reversibly to the initial level on the treatment with acidic buffer solution (pH 3.0), and then such measurements of HSA could be repeated up to 30 times without significant changes in sensitivity. These results assure enough sensitivity as well as good reusability of the sensor in the liquid flow-type HSA assay system.

8.

Dirksen, C., M. A. Hilhorst, Calibration of a New Frequency Domain Sensor for Soil Water Content and Bulk Electrical Conductivity, Proceedings of the Symposium on Time Domain Reflectometry in Environmental,
Infrastructure, and Mining Applications, Evanston, Illinois, Sept 7-9, U.S. Bureau of Mines, Special Publication SP 1994, NTIS PB95-105789, pp.143-153.

Abstract::  A new 20-MHz frequency domain (FD) sensor for soil water content and bulk electrical conductivity was calibrated in a wide range of soil materials and compared with Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) calibrations. For pure fine sand, the real part of the FD complex relative permittivity versus volumetric soil water content function was nearly identical to that of TDR, slightly below the familiar Topp curve. For other soil materials, this function generally increased, not entirely proportional to specific surface, whereas for TDR they all decreased. The greater complexity of processes occurring at the lower FD frequencies is indicated by the value of complex relative permittivity approximately equal to 95 measured in nearly saturated pure bentonite. The measured imaginary part of the complex permittivity assumed equal to bulk electrical conductivity increased with soil type and water content, attaining a value of approximately 5 dS/m in saturated bentonite. The greater sensitivity and differences between soils present a greater need for FD calibrations. When calibrated, the new type FD sensor appears capable of measuring water content and conductivity with at least equal accuracy as TDR, while offering advantages.

9.

Lucklum, R.; Borngräber, R.; Hauptmann, P., Acoustically Amplified Chemical QCM-Sensor with Frequency and Attenuation Output.

Abstract: Viscoelastic properties of chemically sensitive coatings can amplify the mass sensitivity of quartz crystal microbalance (QCM)-sensors. We developed a new sensor concept which allows the estimation of viscoelastic contributions to the frequency shift of a QCM-sensor. It is based on the parallel measurement of the resonant frequency of the quartz crystal and the electrical amplification necessary to drive the quartz crystal. From the latter value the motional resistance in the equivalent circuit can be determined. The quotient between resistance change and frequency shift is a measure of acoustic amplification due to the coating's viscoelasticity. This method requires constant material properties of the sensitive film during measurement. We suggest further a multilayer arrangement, where acoustic amplification and chemical sensitivity are separated. This arrangement can be applied for acoustically rigid sensitive film.

10.

Akimitsu Ishihara and Shukuji Asakura,  A Possible Motion Sensor with Frequency Output, In Proceedings of the 18th Chemical Sensor Symposium, April 3-5, 1994, Tohoku University, Japan, Vol.10, Supplement A.
Abstract - Electrochemical oscillations have often been observed in iron immersed in the solution containing phosphoric acid and hydrogen peroxide. This oscillation has been interpreted by the cross linkage between electrochemical reactions and mass transport processes in the vicinity of an electrode. Therefore, the oscillation frequency is expected to reflect the flow rate around the electrode. A rod of carbon steel S50C was mounted in rotating disc apparatus. The intersection of the rod rotated concentrically. In the mixture of 0.5M phospheric acid and 1.5M hydrogen peroxide the highly stable electrochemical oscillation appeared. The amplitude of potential change was about 600mVp-p. The oscillating frequency was a sensitive function of rotation rate in the range of 100 rpm to 2000. It is very possible to develop the motion sensors whose output is frequency by using this phenomenon.

V. Ferrary, D.Marioli, A. Taroni, E. Ranucci, Multisensor Array of Mass Microbalances for Chemical Detection Based on Resonant Piezo-Layers of Screen-Printed PZT, In Proceedings of the 13th European Conference on Solid-State Transducers (EUROSENSORS XIII), The Hague, The Netherlands, 12-15 September, 1999, pp.949-952.

B. Hök, A. Blückert, J. Löfving, Acoustic Gas Sensor with ppm Resolution, In Proceedings of the 13th European Conference on Solid-State Transducers (EUROSENSORS XIII), The Hague, The Netherlands, 12-15 September, 1999, pp.631-634.

J.V. Hatfield, A.R. Daniels, D.Snowden, K.C.Persaud and P.A. Payne, Development of a Hand Held Nose (H2EN) In Proceedings of the 13th European Conference on Solid-State Transducers (EUROSENSORS XIII), The Hague, The Netherlands, 12-15 September, 1999, pp.215-218.

S.V. Ryabtsev, Frequency-Dependent Capacitance of Surface-Doped Gas Sensors, In Proceedings of the 13th  European Conference on Solid-State Transducers (EUROSENSORS XIII), The Hague, The Netherlands, 12-15 September, 1999, pp.93-95.

G.I. Lepesheva, I.A.Ges, V.L. Chashchin, Piezoelectric Sensor for Protein Antigens on Base of Langmuir-Blodgett Films, In Proceedings of the 13th European Conference on Solid-State Transducers (EUROSENSORS XIII), The Hague, The Netherlands, 12-15 September, 1999, pp.189-192.

T. Rechenbach, J.Nieß, P.Boeker, U. Schramm, G.Horner, S. Rösler, G.Krauskopf, S.Winter, E. Weber, J.Bargon, P. Schulze Lammers, Improvement of the Sensitivity of an Ammonia Gas Sensor Based on a Quartz Microbalance by Thermal Desorption, In Proceedings of the 13th European Conference on Solid-State Transducers (EUROSENSORS XIII), The Hague, The Netherlands, 12-15 September, 1999, pp.705-708.

23.

Andrea Orsini, Arnaldo D’Amico, Chemical Sensors and Chemical Sensor Systems: Fundamentals, Limitations and New Trends, NATO ASI on Advances in Sensing with Security Applications, 17-30 July 2005, Il Ciocco, Italy

James H. Smith, Stephen D. Senturia, Self-Consistent Temperature Compensation for Resonant Sensors with Application to Quartz Bulk Acoustic Wave Chemical Sensors, In Proc. of Transducers' 95, vol. 2, pp. 724-727, Jun. 1995.

Francis Tsow, Erica S. Forzani, and N. J. Tao, Frequency-Coded Chemical Sensors, Anal. Chem., 2008, 80 (3), 606-611

Michael I. Newton, Shaun Atherton, Robert H. Morris, Simon M. Stanley, Carl R. Evans, David C. Hughes and Glen McHale, Low Cost QCM Sensor System for Screening Semen Samples, Journal of Sensors, Volume 2010, pp.1-5

More Efficiency with Intelligent Sensor, Chem.Insider Daily, 9 November 2011