Vol. 157, Issue 10, October 2013, pp. 190-197

Abstract: A 1 V low voltage delta-sigma fractional-N frequency divider for multi-band (780/868/915 MHz and 2.4 GHz) WSN frequency synthesizers is presented. The frequency divider consists of a dual-modulus prescaler, a pulse-swallow counter and a delta-sigma modulator. The high-speed and low-voltage phase-switching dual-modulus prescaler is used in the frequency divider. Low threshold voltage transistors are applied to overcome low voltage supply and forward phase-switching technique is adopted to prevent glitches. The modified delta-sigma modulator with long output sequence length and less spurs is adopted to minimize the fractional spurs. The frequency divider is designed in 0.18 mm TSMC RF CMOS technology under 1 V supply instead of the standard 1.8 V supply. The total chip area is 1190 mm 485 mm including I/O pads. The post simulation results show the frequency divider operates normally over a wide range of 1.3-5.0 GHz and the core circuit (without test buffers) consumes 2.3 mW.

Keywords: Low voltage, Fractional frequency divider, Delta-sigma modulator, Phase-switching prescaler, Wireless sensor networks.

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